Petals is from 2022. Nowadays intelligence of smaller models, quantization techs, and optimizations to run models faster on consumer GPUs have improved a lot.
For distributed inference of smaller LLMs and diffusion models that fits in one consumer GPU rather than splits on multiple machines, there are already pretty good solutions such as AI Horde (formerly Stable Horde) [0]. Notably, it's the default provider that powers SillyTavern. It also has an interesting economy model of kudos.
> For distributed inference of smaller LLMs and diffusion models that fits in one consumer GPU rather than splits on multiple machines
But isn't what everyone want almost the complete opposite of this? For smaller LLMs you can already run them with consumer hardware, sometimes consumer hardware 2x, but it's the rest of the stuff where distributed inference could actually "democratize" access, as almost no one has 500GB VRAM available at home, or whatever the latest SOTA local models take nowadays.
It's an interesting concept but the timing is probably too early. If more people had reliable low latency gigabit or ideally 10gbit throughput, then it might start to approach feasibility. There's other blockers too, but that springs to mind immediately.
It's cool to imagine a planet wide neural network interconnected with fiber - the nervous system of a planetary intelligence. But perhaps mushrooms do that already (Alpha Centauri ever relevant).
The recently discussed https://meshllm.cloud/ is the one I've been playing with but don't have the hardware to try with a model split between nodes, which apparently is supported and just not part of the public demo.
https://public.meshllm.cloud/ - This should give the status of their public mesh. On an average I notice around 10 nodes on their public mesh serving various SLMs. You can use meshllm to share your GPUs like SETI@Home. Wondering how security is handled at a random node.
> [...] volunteers can donate their hardware power to tackle a portion of a text-generating workload and team up others to complete larger tasks, similar to Folding@home and other distributed compute setups.
That explains the very old models mentioned on the page. There are models you can run locally on anything that would be more useful than llama 2 70B. e.g. the new Prism Bonsai 27B ternary model is 6GB, runs on any modern Mac, any PC with a gaming GPU bigger than 8GB (12GB or 16GB would be better), and probably runs on CPU faster than this runs any of those models. Gemma 4 E2B or E4B or 12B in the QAT quantization are fantastic for their size, and run on a lot of stuff. Models at every level have gotten a lot better since 2022.
Maybe it's time to refresh this idea then. There's a clear demand for running LLMs at home, but the good ones are too big, and you're not using it most of the time. Sharing with others sounds like a perfect solution to me.
Distributed training is much harder than distributed inference but not impossible. See the recent development of DiLoCo at Nous Research and Prime Intellect.
I have been thinking of something on these lines but with much smaller models. The entire model has to fit on a single computer. Host owner would choose the model they prefer, perhaps because they already use it. Then it is more about utilizing the GPU for LLM requests.
Peer to peer, consumers get to route their request to a host with compatible model. Consumers have to also contribute GPU but it does not have to be equal - I have not thought through the fairness part. Perhaps initially it starts with "create your friends group and have access to all the host nodes".
AI Horde has some measures to prevent Sybil attack that returns wrong results, but not enforce zero data retention. Prompts belong to the whole open source community. For example https://huggingface.co/datasets/la-ji/sd-prompt-in-the-wild
I do not know what/who Sybil is but yes, there is a lot of plumbing in order to make sure that host nodes are ZDR* compliant and much more. Zero visibility of source prompt.
Also, this is the reason I want to start with trust based groups only - invite people you already know. I have friends who have Macs with 32GB or 48GB unified memory but sending prompts to them is not a out of the box thing.
> A Sybil attack is a type of attack on a computer network service in which an attacker subverts the service's reputation system by creating a large number of pseudonymous identities and uses them to gain a disproportionately large influence.
I've occasionally written comments about the difficult of achieving proof-of-useful-work mechanisms and I should probably find or write a standard post about this question.
In order to be as decentralized as Bitcoin and related PoW mechanisms, a proof-of-work mechanism should have
* the ability to create an unbounded number of instances of the problem deterministically from numeric seeds
* the ability to scale difficulty up and down using a difficulty parameter
* in a way where anyone can easily confirm that a given problem instance corresponds to a given seed, and anyone can easily confirm that a given solution correctly solves a given problem instance
I'm not aware of a proof-of-useful-work mechanism that meets these criteria. (I'm also not aware of an argument that it's impossible to have one. Zero-knowledge proofs might actually go far toward making it possible in the future. but it's kind of complicated.)
I did a triple take. Many years old but an early ground breaking project. Has some exploratoy ideas a year or two ago last I looked. Crazy to see Petals at 16 frontage (at time of writing)
You can easily build a localized, access-controlled compute grid using Apple Silicon hardware. Haven't tested but as far as I can see, the key to making it performant would be keeping full models resident on individual nodes rather than attempting to distribute the tensor processing across the network.
Petals is from 2022. Nowadays intelligence of smaller models, quantization techs, and optimizations to run models faster on consumer GPUs have improved a lot.
For distributed inference of smaller LLMs and diffusion models that fits in one consumer GPU rather than splits on multiple machines, there are already pretty good solutions such as AI Horde (formerly Stable Horde) [0]. Notably, it's the default provider that powers SillyTavern. It also has an interesting economy model of kudos.
[0] https://stablehorde.net/
> For distributed inference of smaller LLMs and diffusion models that fits in one consumer GPU rather than splits on multiple machines
But isn't what everyone want almost the complete opposite of this? For smaller LLMs you can already run them with consumer hardware, sometimes consumer hardware 2x, but it's the rest of the stuff where distributed inference could actually "democratize" access, as almost no one has 500GB VRAM available at home, or whatever the latest SOTA local models take nowadays.
It's an interesting concept but the timing is probably too early. If more people had reliable low latency gigabit or ideally 10gbit throughput, then it might start to approach feasibility. There's other blockers too, but that springs to mind immediately.
It's cool to imagine a planet wide neural network interconnected with fiber - the nervous system of a planetary intelligence. But perhaps mushrooms do that already (Alpha Centauri ever relevant).
Relevant: Why Switzerland has 25 Gbit internet and America doesn't https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47652400
The discussion points out, though, that many places in the US do have those speeds, while Switzerland also has places with much slower speeds.
I would say affordable 25gbit symmetric for residential is vanishingly rare in the US.
Not a neural network though ;) https://biologyinsights.com/do-fungi-have-a-nervous-system-t...
Too early too in that later (hopefully) each node can serve a full model so it is then a simpler share tit for tat of complete models.
A planetwide hallucination – sounds awful.
Too early? the project has been going for years now...
The recently discussed https://meshllm.cloud/ is the one I've been playing with but don't have the hardware to try with a model split between nodes, which apparently is supported and just not part of the public demo.
Can't even scroll the website on mobile, too much going on
https://public.meshllm.cloud/ - This should give the status of their public mesh. On an average I notice around 10 nodes on their public mesh serving various SLMs. You can use meshllm to share your GPUs like SETI@Home. Wondering how security is handled at a random node.
Hm, looks like this is an old project (2022) associated with HuggingFace (https://huggingface.co/bigscience).
Doesn't look like it's very active nowadays: https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/petals
Article with more details: https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/20/petals-is-creating-a-free-...
> [...] volunteers can donate their hardware power to tackle a portion of a text-generating workload and team up others to complete larger tasks, similar to Folding@home and other distributed compute setups.
That explains the very old models mentioned on the page. There are models you can run locally on anything that would be more useful than llama 2 70B. e.g. the new Prism Bonsai 27B ternary model is 6GB, runs on any modern Mac, any PC with a gaming GPU bigger than 8GB (12GB or 16GB would be better), and probably runs on CPU faster than this runs any of those models. Gemma 4 E2B or E4B or 12B in the QAT quantization are fantastic for their size, and run on a lot of stuff. Models at every level have gotten a lot better since 2022.
Maybe it's time to refresh this idea then. There's a clear demand for running LLMs at home, but the good ones are too big, and you're not using it most of the time. Sharing with others sounds like a perfect solution to me.
The reason i want to run models at home is to be able to experiment on them, change things, see how they get better or worse.
Related. Others?
Run LLMs at home, BitTorrent‑style - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37546810 - Sept 2023 (125 comments)
This is awesome. Now we also need distributed training of models!
Distributed training is much harder than distributed inference but not impossible. See the recent development of DiLoCo at Nous Research and Prime Intellect.
I have been thinking of something on these lines but with much smaller models. The entire model has to fit on a single computer. Host owner would choose the model they prefer, perhaps because they already use it. Then it is more about utilizing the GPU for LLM requests.
Peer to peer, consumers get to route their request to a host with compatible model. Consumers have to also contribute GPU but it does not have to be equal - I have not thought through the fairness part. Perhaps initially it starts with "create your friends group and have access to all the host nodes".
Can't wait to run a Sybil farm of subsidized proxy nodes and log all the juicy prompts.
AI Horde has some measures to prevent Sybil attack that returns wrong results, but not enforce zero data retention. Prompts belong to the whole open source community. For example https://huggingface.co/datasets/la-ji/sd-prompt-in-the-wild
I do not know what/who Sybil is but yes, there is a lot of plumbing in order to make sure that host nodes are ZDR* compliant and much more. Zero visibility of source prompt.
Also, this is the reason I want to start with trust based groups only - invite people you already know. I have friends who have Macs with 32GB or 48GB unified memory but sending prompts to them is not a out of the box thing.
* typo
> A Sybil attack is a type of attack on a computer network service in which an attacker subverts the service's reputation system by creating a large number of pseudonymous identities and uses them to gain a disproportionately large influence.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybil_attack
Any updates here to make this work on more modern llms?
Seems a bit like GNUS [0].
---
[0]: https://www.gnus.ai/
This is super cool technology, but will be abused to death
Imagine if there was some kind of way to cryptographically 'prove' your GPU is doing some kind of 'work' here and contributing to the network.
You could even hand out some kind of digital 'currency' to the people proportional to the amount of work their doing!
I've occasionally written comments about the difficult of achieving proof-of-useful-work mechanisms and I should probably find or write a standard post about this question.
In order to be as decentralized as Bitcoin and related PoW mechanisms, a proof-of-work mechanism should have
* the ability to create an unbounded number of instances of the problem deterministically from numeric seeds
* the ability to scale difficulty up and down using a difficulty parameter
* in a way where anyone can easily confirm that a given problem instance corresponds to a given seed, and anyone can easily confirm that a given solution correctly solves a given problem instance
I'm not aware of a proof-of-useful-work mechanism that meets these criteria. (I'm also not aware of an argument that it's impossible to have one. Zero-knowledge proofs might actually go far toward making it possible in the future. but it's kind of complicated.)
As we've seen, that's a solution looking for a problem.
But what if the work is useful beyond just crunching numbers for the sake of proving it?
More like a problem looking for more problem.
I did a triple take. Many years old but an early ground breaking project. Has some exploratoy ideas a year or two ago last I looked. Crazy to see Petals at 16 frontage (at time of writing)
Not gonna work, will be starved by inter node bandwidth.
You can easily build a localized, access-controlled compute grid using Apple Silicon hardware. Haven't tested but as far as I can see, the key to making it performant would be keeping full models resident on individual nodes rather than attempting to distribute the tensor processing across the network.