Cofounder of a now-defunct multiplayer, real-time infinite canvas project here (Here.fm)
We could not for the life of us figure out how to make this a meaningful productivity tool. Yes, we had meetings here, and yes, drawing all over someone else's screenshare was actually useful - And building islands of data was an interesting mental model. It descended into messy chaos no matter what you did, and anything you would do to try and combat that undid some of the benefits of the canvas to begin with.
It was a lot of fun to hang out in as a multiplayer live video room, though, so we leaned into that with (relatively) more success.
Any workspace, real or virtual, descends into messy chaos without someone actively organizing or cleaning things up. It's bad enough by yourself, but the minute it's shared with others, it will devolve quickly. Think about any shared file system, data library, workshop, kitchen, etc...
This is why librarians, janitors, lab managers, document controllers etc. are essential to make spaces functional and organized.
Right after graduation, I worked at a large company that had Data Stewards whose job it was to enforce standardized schema registration for all company datasets following the standardized field names and descriptions from the ontology explorer.
I didn't understand the purpose at the time, but then I landed at a company that had no documented schemas for any dataset and kept adding columns and it drove me mad.
> It descended into messy chaos no matter what you did
I think this is where AI could be put to work. Before, what would be a toilsome digital clean up process (eg git commits) is now an instruction to an LLM to clean it up. If the chaos was clean-up-able, would your product have worked?
> and anything you would do to try and combat that undid some of the benefits of the canvas to begin with.
Part of the appeal of a canvas like this is spacial memory: that things stay where you put them. So any AI based reorganization could be a frustrating rug-pull for users that value this feature.
I've often wondered if all they are missing is eye tracking and the ability auto tilling manager? I'd love to be able to press ctrl, look at three windows in my zoomed out view, and then release and have all 3 of them be distributed by a normal tiling window.
I agree that laying things out on an infinite 2d plane is surprisingly time consuming. We must be missing some affordance or something in how this should be?
this stuff was huge for a while, 20-25 years ago, digital libraries, information exploration, ... consider even things like minority report, or more prosaically, all the demos coming out of MIT medialab.
It never really caught on, completed got clobbered by free text search, now AI chat interfaces I guess.
Am glad to see it bubble up again, because have good memories working on this stuff.
I always think of Johnny Mnemonic when I see such interfaces. One of the reasons I got into computers as kid. Hackers (1995) also had a great (Hollywood) computer interface that shares some similarities with it.
I am too lazy to do the work but in that time frame I considered that a zooming/hierarchical view would be a nice way to browse the web, with followed links appearing as new pages next to the current page. The web became too dynamic for that anyway.
I have used a browser on iOS, but I haven't seen a real ZUI there. Maybe one level like Mission Control. Maps is a different thing, there is just the map. There aren't a lot of things you are trying to organize in space, they have already been organized for you. You aren't going to be able to move your city closer to another, because it's more convenient. There's a difference between an object that is too big to see all at once, and a zooming UI for organization. Nor is it really revolutionary.
I think (work)spaces like macOS Spaces because they make access easier; with a single continuous space you have to work, whereas a workspace is a hotkey away. They make for nice demos and movie scenes though.
After having used such things since the 80s (starting with DESQview) I find myself simply minimizing or leaving secondary applications in the background of a single workspace. When I do use other spaces it is for full screen view. I don't usually need to see multiple windows at the same time, but that would be a task for a tiling manager...
Back in 2013 or 2014 when the first Oculus dev kit came out, the first thing a colleague of mine coded up was his own "virtual" workplace. By trade he was a graphics game dev that had been working on FPS games, but changed fields to more traditional tech work.
He made his own virtual 3D office where he could whip up new screens whenever and wherever needed, IIRC, these computers in the virtual world were virtual machines with some very bare bones Linux distros. He argued that it was a very good replacement for having to buy and mount new physical monitors.
Can't remember how long he actually used that solution, but it did look cool.
Very cool interface and reminiscent of figma/excalidraw in the way they provide an infinite 2d canvas for shapes and figures. Most tools of these types tend to implement layers as well, which might be loosely analogous to multiple desktops and could be a neat interface element to explore. The impetus for layering in a drawing tool is very different from the impetus for doing such in a desktop windowing tool.
The 3d demos are similar to what you experience when using a VR headset with desktop emulation software. I ran experiments with that for several months and while the concepts were interesting, context switching in a simulated physical space was actually a lot slower than alt+tabbing between things.
I played with XR UX years back. Three quick thoughts.
I liked a hierarchy of context switching devices. Open tabs, windows, workspaces, for me are distracting clutter, scaled by some distance metric. Having to physically carry a laptop to elsewhere in a room had "I've left work for home" nicely strong context switching vibes. Followed by resumable-but-not-currently-live VMs/workspaces, etc, down to, well, gazing at a different window. So variety in costs and benefits.
I wanted a drawing-like experience for a laptop keyboard, eyes-on-screen hands-on-tablet, so kbd as touch surface (and 3D tracking above it), with the screen showing, in faint shallow-3D offset, hand position and a dynamic kbd UI. Meh. But shallow-3D UI, something 3D one can live with all day without VAC eyestrain, seemed intriguing but little explored.
With current AI, even with small 1080p laptop/HMD viewports encouraging manual packing, I'd be tempted to try escaping the whole decades-long "how do I arrange windows" mess, and tool up a personal-assistant-like "knowing what you're currently up to, here's a screens/canvases/workspaces/windows tasteful layout for that, arranged in ways you've liked".
FYI those Firefox containers have little to nothing to do with organizing tabs spatially, it just lets you have different 'profiles' to open tabs in that can all have separate cookies and so lets you be logged into different accounts on the same website for one example/use case.
Just gave it a spin and feels very rough / unpolished.
- Why is the default scroll wheel action panning vertically and not zooming in and out (the main interaction)?
- Why is the app size 1GB?
- Everything feels clunky / not native - these are not my real apps.
This would need a lot of work to feel frictionless but I like the concept.
I’m ready for Apple to swipe the basic idea and roll it into the next version of macOS. Gels nicely with the spatial widget work they do on visionOS. Deprecate stage manager while you’re on it.
thanks! we wanted to put it out there and see if there's interest before investing more time in polishing it. it's been really helpful to see the discussion here.
What I like about Niri and hyprland is that I don't need to think about where windows open and about positioning them. This then looks very tiring, but I could be wrong. Would have to play with it.
It's basically already been said but, this seems absurd. I'm not quite sure what TRUE benefit you'd get from this but it seems more frustrating than it's worth. I can't figure out a reason to do this unless I'm just in the mood to piss myself off.
I can’t help but see this as a productivity illusion. “Hey now I really can work on three things at once”. Then someone asks you a question a week later and you have zero memory of doing anything with that project.
I've found that working in a style similar to this is very useful for managing multiple threads of work at the same time.
I use virtual desktops, where each desktop contains a single thing that I am working on, and everything related to it. Then any good window manager can switch between them quickly and even give you a spatial sense of where you are. I organize them as a priority stack, so the topmost priority is in top position and then it goes downward from there
There's a lot that this "campus" product does that isn't present in such a set up (multi user, zooming, etc...) but virtual desktops give you a lot of the benefit and come built in to most of our operating systems
I kinda already have this with Niri's infinite-scrolling horizontal strip and Vicinae as the control plane for complex stuff. like, to replace my Niri setup I'd need a 48:9 (!) monitor
Cofounder of a now-defunct multiplayer, real-time infinite canvas project here (Here.fm)
We could not for the life of us figure out how to make this a meaningful productivity tool. Yes, we had meetings here, and yes, drawing all over someone else's screenshare was actually useful - And building islands of data was an interesting mental model. It descended into messy chaos no matter what you did, and anything you would do to try and combat that undid some of the benefits of the canvas to begin with.
It was a lot of fun to hang out in as a multiplayer live video room, though, so we leaned into that with (relatively) more success.
Any workspace, real or virtual, descends into messy chaos without someone actively organizing or cleaning things up. It's bad enough by yourself, but the minute it's shared with others, it will devolve quickly. Think about any shared file system, data library, workshop, kitchen, etc...
This is why librarians, janitors, lab managers, document controllers etc. are essential to make spaces functional and organized.
Right after graduation, I worked at a large company that had Data Stewards whose job it was to enforce standardized schema registration for all company datasets following the standardized field names and descriptions from the ontology explorer.
I didn't understand the purpose at the time, but then I landed at a company that had no documented schemas for any dataset and kept adding columns and it drove me mad.
> It descended into messy chaos no matter what you did
I think this is where AI could be put to work. Before, what would be a toilsome digital clean up process (eg git commits) is now an instruction to an LLM to clean it up. If the chaos was clean-up-able, would your product have worked?
> and anything you would do to try and combat that undid some of the benefits of the canvas to begin with.
Part of the appeal of a canvas like this is spacial memory: that things stay where you put them. So any AI based reorganization could be a frustrating rug-pull for users that value this feature.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooming_user_interface
They mostly do not gain a lot of users. Good luck!
I've often wondered if all they are missing is eye tracking and the ability auto tilling manager? I'd love to be able to press ctrl, look at three windows in my zoomed out view, and then release and have all 3 of them be distributed by a normal tiling window.
I agree that laying things out on an infinite 2d plane is surprisingly time consuming. We must be missing some affordance or something in how this should be?
this stuff was huge for a while, 20-25 years ago, digital libraries, information exploration, ... consider even things like minority report, or more prosaically, all the demos coming out of MIT medialab.
It never really caught on, completed got clobbered by free text search, now AI chat interfaces I guess.
Am glad to see it bubble up again, because have good memories working on this stuff.
> this stuff was huge for a while, 20-25 years ago
If I recall correctly, it became popular because of the Lawnmower Man movie in '92.
I always think of Johnny Mnemonic when I see such interfaces. One of the reasons I got into computers as kid. Hackers (1995) also had a great (Hollywood) computer interface that shares some similarities with it.
didnt know, it's on my watchlist now!
I am too lazy to do the work but in that time frame I considered that a zooming/hierarchical view would be a nice way to browse the web, with followed links appearing as new pages next to the current page. The web became too dynamic for that anyway.
OS/2 Warp's browser did that - it kept a tree of parent and child nodes (indented) as a history type of thing..
Figma is a good example of this UI paradigm done well, lots of users, and financial success.
>They mostly do not gain a lot of users.
Ever used a browser on iOS? Google Maps / Apple Maps? ZUIs are one of the main multi-touch user interface paradigms now.
I have used a browser on iOS, but I haven't seen a real ZUI there. Maybe one level like Mission Control. Maps is a different thing, there is just the map. There aren't a lot of things you are trying to organize in space, they have already been organized for you. You aren't going to be able to move your city closer to another, because it's more convenient. There's a difference between an object that is too big to see all at once, and a zooming UI for organization. Nor is it really revolutionary.
I think (work)spaces like macOS Spaces because they make access easier; with a single continuous space you have to work, whereas a workspace is a hotkey away. They make for nice demos and movie scenes though.
After having used such things since the 80s (starting with DESQview) I find myself simply minimizing or leaving secondary applications in the background of a single workspace. When I do use other spaces it is for full screen view. I don't usually need to see multiple windows at the same time, but that would be a task for a tiling manager...
Back in 2013 or 2014 when the first Oculus dev kit came out, the first thing a colleague of mine coded up was his own "virtual" workplace. By trade he was a graphics game dev that had been working on FPS games, but changed fields to more traditional tech work.
He made his own virtual 3D office where he could whip up new screens whenever and wherever needed, IIRC, these computers in the virtual world were virtual machines with some very bare bones Linux distros. He argued that it was a very good replacement for having to buy and mount new physical monitors.
Can't remember how long he actually used that solution, but it did look cool.
Very cool interface and reminiscent of figma/excalidraw in the way they provide an infinite 2d canvas for shapes and figures. Most tools of these types tend to implement layers as well, which might be loosely analogous to multiple desktops and could be a neat interface element to explore. The impetus for layering in a drawing tool is very different from the impetus for doing such in a desktop windowing tool.
The 3d demos are similar to what you experience when using a VR headset with desktop emulation software. I ran experiments with that for several months and while the concepts were interesting, context switching in a simulated physical space was actually a lot slower than alt+tabbing between things.
I played with XR UX years back. Three quick thoughts.
I liked a hierarchy of context switching devices. Open tabs, windows, workspaces, for me are distracting clutter, scaled by some distance metric. Having to physically carry a laptop to elsewhere in a room had "I've left work for home" nicely strong context switching vibes. Followed by resumable-but-not-currently-live VMs/workspaces, etc, down to, well, gazing at a different window. So variety in costs and benefits.
I wanted a drawing-like experience for a laptop keyboard, eyes-on-screen hands-on-tablet, so kbd as touch surface (and 3D tracking above it), with the screen showing, in faint shallow-3D offset, hand position and a dynamic kbd UI. Meh. But shallow-3D UI, something 3D one can live with all day without VAC eyestrain, seemed intriguing but little explored.
With current AI, even with small 1080p laptop/HMD viewports encouraging manual packing, I'd be tempted to try escaping the whole decades-long "how do I arrange windows" mess, and tool up a personal-assistant-like "knowing what you're currently up to, here's a screens/canvases/workspaces/windows tasteful layout for that, arranged in ways you've liked".
What happens if you put all your browser tabs in two dimensions?
Answer: you get a mess.
That's why browsers weren't built like that, and also why I think this will not work.
But happy to be proven wrong of course.
> What happens if you put all your browser tabs in two dimensions?
> Answer: you get a mess.
> That's why browsers weren't built like that
But people frequently go out of their way to put their tabs into two dimensions.
There are tab trees: https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/tabtree/afejdkkhibi...
There are tab groups: https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/tab-groups
There are tab containers: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/multi-account...
It seems pretty clear that people want their tabs to be organized in multiple dimensions.
FYI those Firefox containers have little to nothing to do with organizing tabs spatially, it just lets you have different 'profiles' to open tabs in that can all have separate cookies and so lets you be logged into different accounts on the same website for one example/use case.
I know that. They define an additional dimension to the tabs. Most dimensions aren't spatial.
What if... imagine stacked skewed windows and you scrolled through them like a rolladex
Just gave it a spin and feels very rough / unpolished. - Why is the default scroll wheel action panning vertically and not zooming in and out (the main interaction)? - Why is the app size 1GB? - Everything feels clunky / not native - these are not my real apps.
This would need a lot of work to feel frictionless but I like the concept.
The title doesn't do this justice. I would so love for this to be a finished polished product that just works.
I’m ready for Apple to swipe the basic idea and roll it into the next version of macOS. Gels nicely with the spatial widget work they do on visionOS. Deprecate stage manager while you’re on it.
Maybe but I like the idea of it serving as an agent sandbox or context boundary which is probably too specialized for Apple to build into the OS.
thanks! we wanted to put it out there and see if there's interest before investing more time in polishing it. it's been really helpful to see the discussion here.
What I like about Niri and hyprland is that I don't need to think about where windows open and about positioning them. This then looks very tiring, but I could be wrong. Would have to play with it.
It's basically already been said but, this seems absurd. I'm not quite sure what TRUE benefit you'd get from this but it seems more frustrating than it's worth. I can't figure out a reason to do this unless I'm just in the mood to piss myself off.
I can’t help but see this as a productivity illusion. “Hey now I really can work on three things at once”. Then someone asks you a question a week later and you have zero memory of doing anything with that project.
The collaborative feature seems like it would be useful, especially for remote teams.
I've found that working in a style similar to this is very useful for managing multiple threads of work at the same time.
I use virtual desktops, where each desktop contains a single thing that I am working on, and everything related to it. Then any good window manager can switch between them quickly and even give you a spatial sense of where you are. I organize them as a priority stack, so the topmost priority is in top position and then it goes downward from there
There's a lot that this "campus" product does that isn't present in such a set up (multi user, zooming, etc...) but virtual desktops give you a lot of the benefit and come built in to most of our operating systems
Most similar thing to it I've seen is https://youtu.be/7q-ZhdXk3w4?t=40
Widgets are back! Finally.
I kinda already have this with Niri's infinite-scrolling horizontal strip and Vicinae as the control plane for complex stuff. like, to replace my Niri setup I'd need a 48:9 (!) monitor
In the mid 90s and early 2000, all Linuxes had virtual Desktops.
They still do. My first thought was that virtual desktops and moving when you hit a screen edge gives you may of the advantages of this.
Looks very interesting - is it open-source yet?
Cofounder of FlutterFlow here. Not atm, as it started as an internal project. But it's something we're considering.
SimulaVR is interesting (VR Desktop) but I was writing code in the middle of the salt lake flats super weird