A certain nuclear power plant had a Windows NT 4.0 machine running as late as 2007. The reason is interesting.
The machine's purpose was to report status of the control rods that mitigate nuclear reactions. Basically, "are the rods inserted, and if so, how many / how far?". I want to emphasize that this was reporting only, NOT control.
The original software was written back in the 80's, when the plant was originally commissioned, for AmigaOS. Of course, it's hard to buy Amigas anymore, and the original one died long ago (nobody remembers when).
So in the mid '90s, the utility purchased an AmigaOS emulator that ran on Windows NT 4.0, which was current at the time. The emulator (IIRC) was developed by a firm in the UK. The firm went out of business sometime in the late '90s. The control rod monitoring software ran under this emulator on top of NT4.
Windows NT 4.0 was the last OS to allow the emulation software direct access to the physical hardware that produced the status signal. Later versions of Windows abstracted the hardware access away, and the monitoring software broke. Because the emulation company had gone belly up, there was no way to fix the incompatibility.
So the utility had a choice: get new hardware/software certified (by NRC?), or keep doing what they were doing with the software (and hardware) that they had. They chose the latter.
So this is how, in 2007, during a tour of the facility, I stumbled across a Pentium 1 system running an AmigaOS emulator on Windows NT 4.0 that was responsible for displaying the status of the control rods of a nuclear power plant.
Spare hardware for this setup was purchased off of eBay and stocked on an adjacent shelf.
Having worked on nuclear plants (as a reactor operator) around that time this doesn't surprise me in the least.
Thats far more advanced than the systems I worked with, one of which reported rod position via resistance measurement on a brushed cylinder (one for angular and one for depth).
Cleaning and calibrating those was a constant maintenance item every time the reactor was shut down.
I had to keep a disturbingly old machine with GPIB running until a few years back. They are still in operation in Australia (who we sold them to).
It was a test/repair bench for military aircraft avionics, with the only flying platform left using it being the legacy F/A-18 (A/B/C/D). Harris H-100 minicomputer hooked to an HP terminal and several full racks of GPIB test equipment with half of a rack of solenoids for switching between stimulus and response and which pin.
Not what you asked, but the question brought back memories.
A company I used to work at still ships a piece of hardware with an Intel 186 microcontroller in it. The compilers are 16-bit DOS applications and the tool to program the DIP packages with the program was also a DOS application. I’m not sure what the physical interface between the programmer and computer was.
Just out of curiosity: is it possible to somehow attach an ISA Adapter via USB to a VM? ISA does depend a lot on DMA and timing, but the clock is only 8 mhz and gives a software layer on a modern cpu a lot of time to do stuff between ISA bus cycles.
Keeping old hardware running is very fragile. Most spare parts are decades old now too, and nobody knows if they still work properly.
Until recently several customers have an industrial machine that boots DOS. I think the oldest effort we deal with is Win XP now. I do have a C>64 at home ...
In a world that requires security audits etc here's some notes that might help:
Scenarios:
You have a device that only talks NetBIOS or even NetBEUI for file sharing. You need to get files to and from it and your CAD workstations run Windows 11 and anything less than SMB 3, with signing and sealing and all that jazz is laughable.
... Devices requiring ftp, telnet, serial over carrier pidgeon
Solution options:
Networking:
The first job is to segregate your industrial gear from your general network and you might want to create two or more industrial gear and internet of things type networks with differing access policies. Start with one for now, you can improve it later.
You use 801.1Q VLANS logically or physically (why the hell did I want to write literally?) separate via separate switches.
Please do not skimp on this step. Buy a network bod to sort it out or put your IT bod on a course or hopefully they will have labbed this up at home already!
Comms:
Samba is bloody wonderful and speaks everything that MS has ever done and deprecated. Even Samba does need to be asked to start speaking some of those dialects again but it will.
Put a Linux (other Unices are available) box on the same VLAN as your machines. You will need to set quite a few options relating to the minimum version for its server version. When talking to the machines, Samba is the server and when talking to your file server, Samba is the client.
Create a data share on a Windows box on the corp LAN. For example it might be on a file server for multiple access or just a single CAD PC.
Get the Samba box to mount that share to itself at say /srv/data_share_mc1
Now get the Samba box to create a share from /srv/data_share_mc1 which it calls DAT_MC1 (8.3 chars for NetBIOS)
With luck, you should be able to map DAT_MC1 on your machine.
Does the idea make use of https://86box.net? Just heard of this recently on hn and it seems promising for anything that requires low level/cycle accurate emulation vs. your typical high level emulator.
My idea is a DOS emulator with a really thorough log of every DOS interrupt called and I/O port interacted with. This could then be used to automatically, say, insert rows into a sqlite table when the DOS app updates a .DBF file, or forward GPIB data to a modern USB adapter. I wanted to avoid low level/cycle-accurate emulation as much as possible, only adding quirks as needed to support the most popular business application suites.
It's not totally for business, but I run some antennae and radio telescopes that feed through a Gateway 386/33/16MB RAM. As well as a Getac, no idea what model, but it's from the early 2000s. They both feed through to a A/B switched Paradise CRT (so cute). dBase is on the list.
I had to keep an old clipper/dbase application running until recently. It worked perfectly seamless with vdos (vdos.info). It's commercial software, but very reasonably priced. Dosbox is another alternative, but didn't work as well with printing and I think also wasn't able to do row locking of dBASE databases over the network.
Perhaps look into environmental services labs that do contract EPA work. I would not be surprised to see entire HP-Agilent(ISA-carded) - (think liquid chromotography analyzers) fleets that would match what you're looking for.
I've an AMD K5 processor machine running at 100 mhz. for testing Transputer ISA cards when someone buys one, I also use the same machine to format and copy my Pascal compiler into a pair of 5 1/4" floppy disks. All using DOS.
I know of a DOS machine at a wool testing place that uses an ISA card based imager for measuring the micron and other things. They also have a supporting DOS machine with a dBase looking database on it. When I spoke to the owner he didn’t really understand the risks involved in running ancient hardware and in fact had a storage room with period PCs in it if the machines failed. He didn’t have much of a backup plan for the imaging hardware though.
My opinion is that if these guys are still running this gear, they already have a strategy in place (no matter how flawed) and would likely retire before throwing money at something they consider a non problem.
Good luck with the idea. It likely is a tiny niche market with customisation for every customer and given they are normally hardware constrained AI may not be much of a help.
Is it a physical machine and not a VM? I already had issues with getting XP compatible spare parts years ago. Had to buy used parts that were already pretty old (so high risk of failing again).
Fortunately, I don't have to deal with swapping parts. There's an outside contractor on call 24/7 for that.
The last time I saw it was about two years ago when I taped yet another piece of paper to the filing cabinet it sits on reading "DO NOT TURN OFF UNDER PENALTY OF LAW!"
A certain nuclear power plant had a Windows NT 4.0 machine running as late as 2007. The reason is interesting.
The machine's purpose was to report status of the control rods that mitigate nuclear reactions. Basically, "are the rods inserted, and if so, how many / how far?". I want to emphasize that this was reporting only, NOT control.
The original software was written back in the 80's, when the plant was originally commissioned, for AmigaOS. Of course, it's hard to buy Amigas anymore, and the original one died long ago (nobody remembers when).
So in the mid '90s, the utility purchased an AmigaOS emulator that ran on Windows NT 4.0, which was current at the time. The emulator (IIRC) was developed by a firm in the UK. The firm went out of business sometime in the late '90s. The control rod monitoring software ran under this emulator on top of NT4.
Windows NT 4.0 was the last OS to allow the emulation software direct access to the physical hardware that produced the status signal. Later versions of Windows abstracted the hardware access away, and the monitoring software broke. Because the emulation company had gone belly up, there was no way to fix the incompatibility.
So the utility had a choice: get new hardware/software certified (by NRC?), or keep doing what they were doing with the software (and hardware) that they had. They chose the latter.
So this is how, in 2007, during a tour of the facility, I stumbled across a Pentium 1 system running an AmigaOS emulator on Windows NT 4.0 that was responsible for displaying the status of the control rods of a nuclear power plant.
Spare hardware for this setup was purchased off of eBay and stocked on an adjacent shelf.
Having worked on nuclear plants (as a reactor operator) around that time this doesn't surprise me in the least.
Thats far more advanced than the systems I worked with, one of which reported rod position via resistance measurement on a brushed cylinder (one for angular and one for depth).
Cleaning and calibrating those was a constant maintenance item every time the reactor was shut down.
Did they not need NRC recertification when they moved from a physical machine running AmigaOS to an AmigaOS emulator?
I had to keep a disturbingly old machine with GPIB running until a few years back. They are still in operation in Australia (who we sold them to).
It was a test/repair bench for military aircraft avionics, with the only flying platform left using it being the legacy F/A-18 (A/B/C/D). Harris H-100 minicomputer hooked to an HP terminal and several full racks of GPIB test equipment with half of a rack of solenoids for switching between stimulus and response and which pin.
Not what you asked, but the question brought back memories.
A company I used to work at still ships a piece of hardware with an Intel 186 microcontroller in it. The compilers are 16-bit DOS applications and the tool to program the DIP packages with the program was also a DOS application. I’m not sure what the physical interface between the programmer and computer was.
I virtualized a bunch and they seem to work well. At one point, I even had Ultima running on one. =D
Just out of curiosity: is it possible to somehow attach an ISA Adapter via USB to a VM? ISA does depend a lot on DMA and timing, but the clock is only 8 mhz and gives a software layer on a modern cpu a lot of time to do stuff between ISA bus cycles.
Keeping old hardware running is very fragile. Most spare parts are decades old now too, and nobody knows if they still work properly.
Until recently several customers have an industrial machine that boots DOS. I think the oldest effort we deal with is Win XP now. I do have a C>64 at home ...
In a world that requires security audits etc here's some notes that might help:
Scenarios: You have a device that only talks NetBIOS or even NetBEUI for file sharing. You need to get files to and from it and your CAD workstations run Windows 11 and anything less than SMB 3, with signing and sealing and all that jazz is laughable.
... Devices requiring ftp, telnet, serial over carrier pidgeon
Solution options:
Networking: The first job is to segregate your industrial gear from your general network and you might want to create two or more industrial gear and internet of things type networks with differing access policies. Start with one for now, you can improve it later.
You use 801.1Q VLANS logically or physically (why the hell did I want to write literally?) separate via separate switches.
Please do not skimp on this step. Buy a network bod to sort it out or put your IT bod on a course or hopefully they will have labbed this up at home already!
Comms: Samba is bloody wonderful and speaks everything that MS has ever done and deprecated. Even Samba does need to be asked to start speaking some of those dialects again but it will.
Put a Linux (other Unices are available) box on the same VLAN as your machines. You will need to set quite a few options relating to the minimum version for its server version. When talking to the machines, Samba is the server and when talking to your file server, Samba is the client.
Create a data share on a Windows box on the corp LAN. For example it might be on a file server for multiple access or just a single CAD PC.
Get the Samba box to mount that share to itself at say /srv/data_share_mc1
Now get the Samba box to create a share from /srv/data_share_mc1 which it calls DAT_MC1 (8.3 chars for NetBIOS)
With luck, you should be able to map DAT_MC1 on your machine.
Does the idea make use of https://86box.net? Just heard of this recently on hn and it seems promising for anything that requires low level/cycle accurate emulation vs. your typical high level emulator.
My idea is a DOS emulator with a really thorough log of every DOS interrupt called and I/O port interacted with. This could then be used to automatically, say, insert rows into a sqlite table when the DOS app updates a .DBF file, or forward GPIB data to a modern USB adapter. I wanted to avoid low level/cycle-accurate emulation as much as possible, only adding quirks as needed to support the most popular business application suites.
It's not totally for business, but I run some antennae and radio telescopes that feed through a Gateway 386/33/16MB RAM. As well as a Getac, no idea what model, but it's from the early 2000s. They both feed through to a A/B switched Paradise CRT (so cute). dBase is on the list.
I had to keep an old clipper/dbase application running until recently. It worked perfectly seamless with vdos (vdos.info). It's commercial software, but very reasonably priced. Dosbox is another alternative, but didn't work as well with printing and I think also wasn't able to do row locking of dBASE databases over the network.
Perhaps look into environmental services labs that do contract EPA work. I would not be surprised to see entire HP-Agilent(ISA-carded) - (think liquid chromotography analyzers) fleets that would match what you're looking for.
I've an AMD K5 processor machine running at 100 mhz. for testing Transputer ISA cards when someone buys one, I also use the same machine to format and copy my Pascal compiler into a pair of 5 1/4" floppy disks. All using DOS.
> Transputer ISA cards when someone buys one
Your use of “when” is interesting - suggests it’s not that occasional. Wonder what people are doing with these nowadays.
I know of a DOS machine at a wool testing place that uses an ISA card based imager for measuring the micron and other things. They also have a supporting DOS machine with a dBase looking database on it. When I spoke to the owner he didn’t really understand the risks involved in running ancient hardware and in fact had a storage room with period PCs in it if the machines failed. He didn’t have much of a backup plan for the imaging hardware though.
My opinion is that if these guys are still running this gear, they already have a strategy in place (no matter how flawed) and would likely retire before throwing money at something they consider a non problem.
Good luck with the idea. It likely is a tiny niche market with customisation for every customer and given they are normally hardware constrained AI may not be much of a help.
All of them have no money as well.
You can still get ISA slots on systems as new as Broadwell with an adapter.
Not DOS, but my company has a Windows XP machine with a dialup connection that I have to keep running for obtuse legal reasons.
If it goes down, the company gets fined. It happened in the gap between my predecessor leaving, and me being hired.
Is it a physical machine and not a VM? I already had issues with getting XP compatible spare parts years ago. Had to buy used parts that were already pretty old (so high risk of failing again).
It's a physical machine.
Fortunately, I don't have to deal with swapping parts. There's an outside contractor on call 24/7 for that.
The last time I saw it was about two years ago when I taped yet another piece of paper to the filing cabinet it sits on reading "DO NOT TURN OFF UNDER PENALTY OF LAW!"
Someone keeps taking the paper down.
Put a proper sticker on, that can't be removed easily.
Does BART still run on 5.25" floppies?
It’s gone now, but we used to have a random OS/2 box well past the point where that was extremely weird.